主语从句,顾名思义,这个从句是用来做主语的,那么主句必须缺少主语;而同位语从句主句完整,同时必须要有抽象名词。举个例子:主语从句:What you said is wrong. 其中主句是is wrong,很明显,主句缺少主语,那么What you said这个从句就是主语从句。同位语从句,I have no idea where we should go. 首先主句是I have no idea. 主句完整,而且有抽象名词idea,再看,后面从句,where we should go, 说的就是idea的内容,而idea的内容就等于后面的从句,也就是说,从句等于idea,idea也等于从句。这就是同位语从句。顺便提醒一下,同位语从句中名词一定要是抽象名词。
两个从句都是名词性从句,主语从句就是一个从句,没有先行词,例如
(1)That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.
(2)Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown.
(3)Who will be our monitor hasn't been decided yet.
(4) Whom we must study for is a question of great importance.
同位语从句和定语从句易混淆,但是同位语从句是对先行词的解释或者进一步说明.
例如: I like the idea that we will fly to Paris in Summer holiday.(同位语从句)
可以提取同位语从句和先行词,两者有逻辑上的主语和表语关系。如
the idea is that we will fly to Paris in Summer holiday.
I like the idea that he thought out.(定语从句)