“
autocratic-authoritarian cluster encompasses being arbitrary, controlling,
专制独裁的集群包含的任意,控制,
power-oriented, coercive, punitive, and close-minded. The cluster has often
功率型,强制,惩罚,和封闭。集群往往
been described in pejorative terms. Stripped of negatives (emphasized by so
是贬义的术语描述。把底片(强调的那样
many social scientists), it means taking full and sole responsibility for
许多社会科学家),这意味着充分和独立的责任
decision and control of followers' performance. Autocrats stress obedience,
决策和追随者的性能控制。应力服从独裁者,
loyalty, strict adherence to roles. They make and enforce the rules. They see
忠诚,严格遵守的角色。他们制定和执行规则。他们看到
that decision are carried out. Powerful autocratic leaders throughout history
这一决定进行。强大的专制领导人的整个历史
have often been praised for their ability to develop reliable and devoted
经常被称赞为他们的发展能力和忠实可靠
followers and to act as the principal authority figures in establishing and
追随者,作为建立的主要权威人物和
maintaining order."
维持秩序。”
"The
“
democratic or egalitarian leadership cluster reflects concern about the
民主和平等的领导集群体现了关注
followers in many different ways. Leadership is considerate, democratic,
在许多不同的方式的追随者。领导是体贴,民主,
consultative and participative, employee-centered, concerned with people,
协商和参与,以员工为中心的,关心的人,
concerned with maintenance of good working relations, supportive and oriented
有关良好工作关系的维护,支持和导向
toward facilitating interaction, relationship oriented, and oriented toward
对促进互动,关系型,面向
group decision making."
群体决策。”